Research Projects Directory

Emotional distress, low back pain and opioid use in black adults

To what extent are emotional distress factors such as depression, anxiety, anger, and irritability inadequately assessed in older black adults with chronic pain, potentially leading to underdiagnosis and suboptimal treatment outcomes?

Scientific Questions Being Studied

To what extent are emotional distress factors such as depression, anxiety, anger, and irritability inadequately assessed in older black adults with chronic pain, potentially leading to underdiagnosis and suboptimal treatment outcomes?

Project Purpose(s)

Population Health
Social / Behavioral

Scientific Approaches

This study is a retrospective study that utilizes patients' medical records along with ICD codes for the identification of emotional distress factors and chronic pains. The analysis will involve descriptive and statistical analysis to investigate the relationship between emotional distress factors and chronic pains in older black adults.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study using data from 3,512 Black adults aged 45–64 diagnosed with CLBP and depression in the All of Us Research Program.
• Diagnosis Confirmation: CLBP and depression were identified using ICD-9/10 codes.
• Outcome Measures: Self-reported general health, mental health, physical health, quality of life, and social well-being were analyzed. demographic factors and social determinants of health (education, employment, income) were also considered.
• Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics and Chi-squared tests were conducted using Python-based Jupyter Notebook with a significant level set at 0.05

Anticipated Findings

We hypothesize that emotional distress, including depression, anxiety, anger, and irritability, which are frequently associated with chronic pain in older black adults, are not adequately assessed, leading to suboptimal treatment outcomes and reduced overall quality of life for this population. This study investigates whether opioid monotherapy or opioid-antidepressant combination therapy leads to better self-reported health outcomes in Black adults aged 45–65 using data from the All of Us database.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Registered Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Yijiong Yang - Research Fellow, Florida State University
Setor Sorkpor - Early Career Tenure-track Researcher, Florida State University

ADRD & Black Adults Nativity

To assess the sociocultural factors within the distinct subgroups constituting the prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) among U.S. Black population. We investigated the prevalence and distribution of ADRD within the US Black population, stratified by nativity (US-born…

Scientific Questions Being Studied

To assess the sociocultural factors within the distinct subgroups constituting the prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) among U.S. Black population. We investigated the prevalence and distribution of ADRD within the US Black population, stratified by nativity (US-born vs. non-US-born). Our findings provide valuable insights into the complex interplay of factors influencing ADRD risk and outcomes within this population.

Project Purpose(s)

Disease Focused Research (ADRD)
Social / Behavioral
Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI)

Scientific Approaches

The data source for this study will be the All of Us Research Workbench. We have created a workspace entitled “ADRD & Black African Adults Nativity” on the All of Us Researcher Workbench. and used dataset builder to create datasets, and export the data to Jupyter Notebooks for analysis using R and Python V3.0.

We created a workspace named "ADRD & Black Adults Nativity" within the AoU Researcher Workbench using the controlled tier data. We constructed two distinct cohorts based on demographic information from the AoU Basic Survey: one consisting of US-born Black individuals the other of non-US-born Black individuals. We extracted ADRD diagnosis data from participants' EHR, utilizing International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes (ICD-9 and ICD-10) specific to ADRD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Additionally, we incorporated standard concept groups derived from ICD coding and classification.

Anticipated Findings

The prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) among native-born and non-native-born US Black individuals would be different by age, race, and socioeconomic/environmental factors including income, education, and neighborhood characteristics

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Controlled Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Yijiong Yang - Research Fellow, Florida State University

THE BLACK POPULATION IN GENOMIC DATABASES

1. Are there representative samples of the Black population in genomic databases that include physical and biological measures and are available for researchers outside healthcare systems? 2. Do databases that are available for researchers outside healthcare systems have genomic and…

Scientific Questions Being Studied

1. Are there representative samples of the Black population in genomic databases that include physical and biological measures and are available for researchers outside healthcare systems?
2. Do databases that are available for researchers outside healthcare systems have genomic and physical and biological data that could be possibly used in clinical settings to care for the Black population with hypertension?
.3 Do researchers outside healthcare systems have adequate access to genomic databases?
4. Do genomic databases that are available for researchers outside healthcare systems have sufficient sample sizes/statistical power in genomic and physical and biological data available when conducting research on the Black population?

Project Purpose(s)

Educational

Scientific Approaches

A mixed methods approach will be used to understand the availability of information specific for research on hypertension in the Black population in databases with genomic, physical, and biological data that are accessible to researchers outside healthcare systems. This research also aims to investigate the researcher's perspective on the accessibility and availability of the data in such databases. A mixed methods study allows more comprehensive investigation of this complex topic by using complementary quantitative and qualitative data. In addition to demographic data, those having hypertension will be included. One of the genomic data points that could be considered in a clinical setting when first prescribing, or when altering medication therapy for hypertension is CYP2D6 in determining the medication metabolization of an individual.

Anticipated Findings

We will learn about the availability of data of the Black hypertensive adult population in the genomic databases, and the ease of researcher access to such data. The current uncertainty of having the public genomic data available could highlight the need for ongoing efforts in governance and democratizing combined genomic and EHR data.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Controlled Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Kirsi Hayes - Graduate Trainee, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute

T2D and CVD Outcomes Among Black and Hispanic Populations

The specific scientific research question is: How does type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) affect Black and Hispanic populations in the United States and how does it differ between those with and without COVID-19 and in different regions…

Scientific Questions Being Studied

The specific scientific research question is: How does type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) affect Black and Hispanic populations in the United States and how does it differ between those with and without COVID-19 and in different regions of the United States? These questions will be assessed by investigating:
a. Is there greater prevalence of T2D and CVD outcomes among Black and Hispanic populations with COVID-19 and in different regions of the United States?
b. Are there genetic susceptibilities to T2D, CVD, and COVID-19 among Black and Hispanic populations that impact outcomes and vary by geographic region?

Project Purpose(s)

Population Health
Social / Behavioral
Ancestry

Scientific Approaches

This study will include a cohort of Blacks, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic White participants aged 18 and older. Data included will include data from survey, electronic health records, physical measurements, and genetic data. Descriptive statistics will be calculated, and logistic regression will be used to assess odds ratios for associations. We will analyze common and rare variants from whole-genome sequencing data to control for genetic susceptibility to T2D and CVD.

Anticipated Findings

The anticipated findings from this study will provide a greater insight into the magnitude of the public health burden of COVID-19, T2D,a nd CVD among Blacks and Hispanics and will illustrate the differences in patient profiles and outcomes. Our goal is to make a significant impact in addressing T2D and CVD disparities among Blacks and Hispanics by quantifying the disproportionate effect of COVID-19 on Black and Hispanic T2D and CVD outcomes in different regions of the United States, thereby informing the need for more heath services among these populations The All of Us Research Program Workbench can provide a unique nationwide and U.S. State comparison on these associations.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Controlled Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Amit Arora - Graduate Trainee, University of Arizona
Tomas Nuño - Other, University of Arizona
Yann Klimentidis - Mid-career Tenured Researcher, University of Arizona

Collaborators:

shuai yang - Graduate Trainee, University of Arizona
Anthony Vicenti - Project Personnel, University of Arizona
Grace Leito - Graduate Trainee, University of Arizona
Jason Karnes - Early Career Tenure-track Researcher, University of Arizona

Black LGBTQ Health Dissertation

In preparation

Scientific Questions Being Studied

In preparation

Project Purpose(s)

Social / Behavioral

Scientific Approaches

In preparation

Anticipated Findings

In preparation

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Controlled Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Brianna Ladd - Graduate Trainee, University of Maryland, College Park

Sleep, Race and Cognitive Health in Black Adults

This study investigates the relationship between sleep quality and cognitive function in Black communities using data from the All of Us Research Program. The research aims to determine how race correlates with REM sleep, total sleep duration, and cognitive impairment.…

Scientific Questions Being Studied

This study investigates the relationship between sleep quality and cognitive function in Black communities using data from the All of Us Research Program. The research aims to determine how race correlates with REM sleep, total sleep duration, and cognitive impairment. Special attention is given to the role of structural disparities, environmental stressors, and socioeconomic conditions in shaping sleep outcomes. Fitbit-derived sleep data and cognitive health markers will be analyzed to assess whether poorer sleep quality contributes to higher cognitive impairment risk among Black participants compared to other racial groups.

Project Purpose(s)

Population Health
Social / Behavioral
Other Purpose (Health Disparities)

Scientific Approaches

For this study, I will use a quantitative, cross-sectional analysis within the All of Us Researcher Workbench using Controlled Tier data. I will analyze Fitbit-derived sleep metrics (REM sleep, NREM sleep, total sleep duration, and interruptions) alongside cognitive impairment diagnoses from electronic health records and self-reported memory concerns. Participants will be grouped by race (Black and White), and statistical methods such as one-way ANOVA and multivariate regression will be used to assess associations between sleep quality and cognitive outcomes, adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and comorbidities. Interaction analyses will explore moderating effects of structural and environmental stressors. Data analysis will be conducted using RStudio within the Workbench environment. This approach aims to uncover structural contributors to cognitive health disparities linked to sleep quality in Black communities

Anticipated Findings

The anticipated findings suggest that Black participants will have shorter sleep durations, lower REM sleep percentages, and more frequent sleep disruptions, which will be significantly associated with higher rates of cognitive impairment compared to White participants. These disparities are expected to be influenced by socioeconomic and environmental stressors. The findings would contribute to the scientific understanding of how structural inequities impact sleep and neurological health in marginalized communities. By highlighting the link between sleep quality and cognitive outcomes, this study may inform future public health interventions focused on sleep hygiene education, early neurological screening, and culturally tailored therapies. This research will also support the broader goal of addressing health disparities through precision medicine and equitable healthcare policy design.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Controlled Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Taylor Washington - Undergraduate Student, Spelman College

K01 Aim 1: Black Adults w/Chronic Pain

We plan to study the clinical characteristics (e.g., frequency, severity, interference), social determinants of health, comorbidities, and treatments of Black adults with chronic pain across the lifespan. Results of this study will fill a deep knowledge gap on the national…

Scientific Questions Being Studied

We plan to study the clinical characteristics (e.g., frequency, severity, interference), social determinants of health, comorbidities, and treatments of Black adults with chronic pain across the lifespan. Results of this study will fill a deep knowledge gap on the national problem of chronic pain for Black adults, and identify potential areas for intervention.

Project Purpose(s)

Disease Focused Research (Chronic Pain)
Social / Behavioral

Scientific Approaches

We will use standard descriptive statistics of frequency, central tendency, and dispersion to describe our sample of young Black adults. Previous studies indicate potential between-age group differences in social determinants of health, health care utilization, pain experiences, and comorbidities. We will therefore use inferential statistics (e.g. t-tests and ANOVA) to establish pain differences between young (18-44), middle-aged (45-64), and older (≥65) Black adults, and test for statistically significant differences. These results will guide refinement of our research questions for future qualitative phases of the larger project, and intervention adaptation.

Anticipated Findings

We anticipate finding between-age group differences in chronic pain characteristics, social determinants of health, health care utilization, pain, and comorbidities for Black adults with chronic pain. Our findings will advance much needed scientific knowledge about the impact of pain across the lifespan of Black adults, and illuminate ways to customize pain management programs for Black adults that are age-appropriate and aligned with their clinical, behavioral, and social needs.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Controlled Tier

Research Team

Owner:

De'Sha Wolf - Teacher/Instructor/Professor, Oregon Health & Science University

Collaborators:

Mallory Kroeck - Graduate Trainee, Portland State University

Impact of Breast cancer on Black women

I am genetically predisposed to cancer on both pools of my genetics and I have lost several family members to cancer throughout my life. This travesty peaked my interest in cancer specifically breast cancer and its effects on black women…

Scientific Questions Being Studied

I am genetically predisposed to cancer on both pools of my genetics and I have lost several family members to cancer throughout my life. This travesty peaked my interest in cancer specifically breast cancer and its effects on black women and further inspired me to conduct a comparative analysis of the occurrence, and likelihood of diagnosis in an underdeveloped country like Grenada, to that statistic in the U.S.

Project Purpose(s)

Educational

Scientific Approaches

I plan conduct a statistical analysis using programming tools such as R and Python to present my finding in an innovative manner. The data set would have charateristics such as: nationality, country of diagnosis and gender. I would also consider each respective country's economic state of health sectors. I also intend to highlight the factors that influence the development of breast cancer, more commonly not only in black women but in the United States.

Anticipated Findings

I anticipate to highlight the negative effects of slack health and food regulations in the U.S contributing to its higher rate in general. Its m health studies with only modern unbiased focuses on the physiology of women can explain the lack of knowledge of what lifestyle patterns affect women more than more male-originated. Black women have a higher distrust in the medical field due to history of distrust, I expect this to affect how they are treated and their cancer figures.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Registered Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Chynae Ross - Undergraduate Student, Howard University

Maternal and Reproductive Health Outcomes for Black Reproductive Age Women

Reproductive health practices such as screening and treating sexually transmitted infections, screening for cervical and breast cancer, and adequate contraceptive access and prenatal care during pregnancy can make a profound difference in women’s health outcomes including pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.…

Scientific Questions Being Studied

Reproductive health practices such as screening and treating sexually transmitted infections, screening for cervical and breast cancer, and adequate contraceptive access and prenatal care during pregnancy can make a profound difference in women’s health outcomes including pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) women have typically been analyzed as a monolith and studies have shown that Black women have higher prevalence of syphilis infections, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), poorer cervical and breast cancer outcomes, and higher rates of maternal mortality and morbidity. However, it is important to try and understand the multilevel drivers that explain the higher prevalence and therefore to address the actual drivers of poor outcomes within this ethnic group. Our study will examine the multilevel factors that contribute to increased rates of STD screening and treatment, initiation of prenatal care, increased cervical and breast cancer screening.

Project Purpose(s)

Population Health

Scientific Approaches

We will use the All of Us Registered Tier dataset. We will use data from the survey questions and electronic health records to answer our research questions. Descriptive and analytical statistical analyses will be performed.

Anticipated Findings

This study will provide important information for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers as well as community organizations working with predominantly NHB women and how to engage them in essential reproductive health services. This study will inform the development of equitable clinical patient-centered practices that promote optimal disease management among diverse women and reduce racial and ethnic disparities in maternal health outcomes. This study is expected to identify the factors that contributed to NHB women receiving sexually transmitted infection screening at well-woman visits and received cervical cancer and breast cancer screening. Furthermore, our study findings are expected to identify what multilevel factors contributed to better outcomes and access to services by NHB.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Registered Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Tiffany Kindratt - Early Career Tenure-track Researcher, University of Texas at Arlington

(V8) Risk alleles for cirrhosis and risk alleles for cancer in Blacks with HCC

First, we aim to examine genomic factors in people with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and compare the genomic risk of liver scarring between people of African, European, and Hispanic ancestry. We hypothesize that people of African ancestry have a lower genomic…

Scientific Questions Being Studied

First, we aim to examine genomic factors in people with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and compare the genomic risk of liver scarring between people of African, European, and Hispanic ancestry. We hypothesize that people of African ancestry have a lower genomic burden of variants associated with accelerated scar formation. To test this, we will compare the distribution of risk alleles for advanced liver disease/cirrhosis across ancestries in HCC patients, expecting that African ancestry have a lower burden of risk alleles for advanced liver disease/cirrhosis. Second, we will examine genomic factors associated with cancer susceptibility in people of African ancestry and compare the risk allele burden between those with HCC and those with no history of cancer. We expect to find a higher burden of cancer risk alleles in those with HCC than in those with no history of cancer. Out study will provide novel insights into the distinctive features of liver disease in people of African ancestry.

Project Purpose(s)

Disease Focused Research (Liver cirrhosis and liver cancer)
Ancestry

Scientific Approaches

To analyze factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in participants in AllofUs, we will analyze clinical and genomic data. Genomic variants will be annotated using SNPEFF, ANNOVAR, REVEL, and ClinVar. Association analyses will employ SAIGE-GENE+ for rare variants (MAF <1%), weighted by functional scores. Risk alleles for cirrhosis/advanced liver disease will be obtained from a recent GWAS by Ghouse and colleagues (1) and scored using linear and logistic regression. Rare variants will be analyzed via burden tests with penalized logistic regression, and results will be compared between people of different ancestries using the Mann-Whitney U test.
Reference:
(1) Ghouse J, Sveinbjörnsson G, Vujkovic M, et al. Integrative common and rare variant analyses provide insights into the genetic architecture of liver cirrhosis. Nature Genetics 2024:1-11.

Anticipated Findings

We anticipate finding a) that people of African ancestry who have hepatocellular carcinoma have a lower prevalence of germline risk alleles associated with cirrhosis/advanced liver disease than people of other ancestries who have hepatocellular carcinoma, and b) that people of African ancestry who have hepatocellular carcinoma have a higher prevalence of germline variants that predispose to cancer than people of African ancestry who do not have a history of cancer. These findings would contribute to the body of scientific knowledge in the field by providing information about the disease processes leading to hepatocellular carcinoma in people of African ancestry.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Controlled Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Myvizhi Esai Selvan - Research Fellow, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Ning Ma - Graduate Trainee, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Duplicate of HLA markers in Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) and Black women

How do genetic factors, specifically HLA markers (HLA-DR7, HLA-B8, HLA-DR2, and HLA-DR3), and antiphospholipid antibodies contribute to the prevalence and expression of Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) among self identified Black women compared to other self identified racial groups? Are certain HLA…

Scientific Questions Being Studied

How do genetic factors, specifically HLA markers (HLA-DR7, HLA-B8, HLA-DR2, and HLA-DR3), and antiphospholipid antibodies contribute to the prevalence and expression of Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) among self identified Black women compared to other self identified racial groups? Are certain HLA markers more prevalent in Black women with APS, and how might these markers increase susceptibility? Do Black women exhibit different antiphospholipid antibody profiles which may affect APS expression compared to other racial groups? If certain HLA markers are shown to correlate with APS in Black women, this knowledge could lead to improved, tailored screening programs. Identifying those at higher genetic risk could prompt earlier and more targeted interventions, such as monitoring for APS-related antibodies or initiating preventative treatments.

Project Purpose(s)

Population Health
Social / Behavioral
Control Set
Ancestry

Scientific Approaches

I plan to using the large-scale genomic dataset the All of Us Research Program for data on HLA markers and genetic variants in diverse populations, including Black women.
Conducting a case-control study to compare the presence of HLA markers (HLA-DR7, HLA-B8, HLA-DR2, HLA-DR3) and antiphospholipid antibodies (e.g., anticardiolipin, anti-β2GPI) between Black women with APS (cases) and those without APS (controls). This approach can help determine if there’s an association between these genetic markers and APS risk in this population.
R or SAS would be essential for conducting logistic regression and other analyses to evaluate the relationship between genetic markers, antibody levels, and APS outcomes while controlling for demographic factors.

Anticipated Findings

I might expect to find that Black women with APS show higher prevalence rates of specific HLA markers—such as HLA-DR7, HLA-B8, HLA-DR2, or HLA-DR3—compared to Black women without APS and women of other racial backgrounds with APS. This could indicate that these genetic markers play a more significant role in APS susceptibility within this population, potentially highlighting racial and ethnic variations in genetic risk factors.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Registered Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Kiera Metz - Undergraduate Student, Spelman College

Risk alleles for cirrhosis and risk alleles for cancer in Blacks with HCC

First, we aim to examine genomic factors in people with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and compare the genomic risk of liver scarring between people of African, European, and Hispanic ancestry. We hypothesize that people of African ancestry have a lower genomic…

Scientific Questions Being Studied

First, we aim to examine genomic factors in people with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and compare the genomic risk of liver scarring between people of African, European, and Hispanic ancestry. We hypothesize that people of African ancestry have a lower genomic burden of variants associated with accelerated scar formation. To test this, we will compare the distribution of risk alleles for advanced liver disease/cirrhosis across ancestries in HCC patients, expecting that African ancestry have a lower burden of risk alleles for advanced liver disease/cirrhosis. Second, we will examine genomic factors associated with cancer susceptibility in people of African ancestry and compare the risk allele burden between those with HCC and those with no history of cancer. We expect to find a higher burden of cancer risk alleles in those with HCC than in those with no history of cancer. Out study will provide novel insights into the distinctive features of liver disease in people of African ancestry.

Project Purpose(s)

Disease Focused Research (Liver cirrhosis and liver cancer)
Ancestry

Scientific Approaches

To analyze factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in participants in AllofUs, we will analyze clinical and genomic data. Genomic variants will be annotated using SNPEFF, ANNOVAR, REVEL, and ClinVar. Association analyses will employ SAIGE-GENE+ for rare variants (MAF <1%), weighted by functional scores. Risk alleles for cirrhosis/advanced liver disease will be obtained from a recent GWAS by Ghouse and colleagues (1) and scored using linear and logistic regression. Rare variants will be analyzed via burden tests with penalized logistic regression, and results will be compared between people of different ancestries using the Mann-Whitney U test.
Reference:
(1) Ghouse J, Sveinbjörnsson G, Vujkovic M, et al. Integrative common and rare variant analyses provide insights into the genetic architecture of liver cirrhosis. Nature Genetics 2024:1-11.

Anticipated Findings

We anticipate finding a) that people of African ancestry who have hepatocellular carcinoma have a lower prevalence of germline risk alleles associated with cirrhosis/advanced liver disease than people of other ancestries who have hepatocellular carcinoma, and b) that people of African ancestry who have hepatocellular carcinoma have a higher prevalence of germline variants that predispose to cancer than people of African ancestry who do not have a history of cancer. These findings would contribute to the body of scientific knowledge in the field by providing information about the disease processes leading to hepatocellular carcinoma in people of African ancestry.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Controlled Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Myvizhi Esai Selvan - Research Fellow, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Ning Ma - Graduate Trainee, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Duplicate of Depression and substance among Black women with HIV_Cait

What is the prevalence of depression among Black women who living with HIV? What factors at multiple levels impact Black women's depression status?

Scientific Questions Being Studied

What is the prevalence of depression among Black women who living with HIV?
What factors at multiple levels impact Black women's depression status?

Project Purpose(s)

Educational
Other Purpose (This is the first project that I am using to practice AoU data. )

Scientific Approaches

I would use descriptive analysis to identify depression among Black women living with HIV. Subgroup analyses will be employed. Furthermore, multiple regression models will be employed.

Anticipated Findings

Identify prevalence of depression among Black women who live with HIV.
Explore factors that may associated with depression among Black women living with HIV.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Controlled Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Chen Zhang - Early Career Tenure-track Researcher, University of Rochester
Caitlin Dreisbach - Early Career Tenure-track Researcher, University of Rochester

Black Bodies Matter - Diabetes, PAD, Limb Loss

Aim 1: What are the factors influencing early onset (before age 45), co-morbid peripheral artery disease in Black and White patients with diabetes? Aim 2: What is the relationship between the screening practices and limb amputation in patients with diabetes…

Scientific Questions Being Studied

Aim 1: What are the factors influencing early onset (before age 45), co-morbid peripheral artery disease in Black and White patients with diabetes?
Aim 2: What is the relationship between the screening practices and limb amputation in patients with diabetes and concomitant peripheral artery disease?
Aim 3: What factors influence practice decisions to amputate a lower limb in Black and nonblack patients in the United States?
Rationale: Evidence suggests that Black patients have a higher prevalence of asymptomatic PAD and are less aware of symptoms. This issue collectively puts them at increased risk for a delay in care. Black persons diagnosed with chronic kidney disease in midlife ages (45-64) while white persons were diagnosed with kidney disease in later life (65-74), partially attributable to better access to control diabetes. It is anticipated that this will also hold true for PAD.

Project Purpose(s)

Population Health
Other Purpose (This study aims to understand cultural, environmental, and decision- making factors that contribute to disparities in diagnosis and treatment for PAD with diabetes and subsequent limb loss.)

Scientific Approaches

Study Design: The proposed observational cohort study using the All of Us (AoU) Researcher Workbench.

Sampling Frame: Data from 2018 through the most currently available date at the time of study initiation.
Inclusion Criteria: Participants with a diagnosis of Type II diabetes, at least 18 years of age at the time of agreement to participate in the AoU initiative.
Exclusion Criteria: Any record without a documentation of race
Estimated Sample Size and Power calculation: This is an observational study using an established database. Our previous research using this data source found an estimated 202,000 persons with Type

Type II diabetes in AoU Data Workbench. Based on CDC reporting,6 9% (an estimated 18,180 of the AoU records), of persons with Type II diabetes also will have PAD, and of these 4.6% (an estimated 836 of the AoU records) will possibly have a limb amputation. These are adequately large numbers to support statistical analyses of the proposed hypotheses.

Anticipated Findings

H1A: A decrease in the documentation of screening for PAD will be associated with a higher rate of limb amputations among Black patients compared to other racial and ethnic groups.
H1B: A decrease in the documentation of screening for PAD will be associated with a higher rate of limb amputations in Black patients with diabetes less than 45 years of age compared to other racial and ethnic groups.
H2: An increase in the documentation of vascular treatment services will be associated with a decrease in limb amputations at all stages of diabetes with concomitant PAD.
H3: An increase in the documentation of screening for PAD using an ankle brachial index (ABI) will be associated with a decrease in rate of limb amputations.
H4: An increase in documentation of adherence to the American Heart Association Clinical Practice Guidelines for critical limb ischemia will be associated with a decrease in the rate of limb amputations.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Registered Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Chamika Hawkins-Taylor - Early Career Tenure-track Researcher, Xavier University of Louisiana

Collaborators:

Javan Carter - Research Associate, All of Us Researcher Academy/RTI International
Kristin Glaze - Project Personnel, All of Us Researcher Academy/RTI International
Hongyan Xu - Mid-career Tenured Researcher, Augusta University
Xiao Zhang - Project Personnel, Xavier University of Louisiana

Understanding Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome in Black Women

At this stage, I am exploring the data to formalize specific research questions related to the healthcare experiences of Black women with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. By examining the available data, I hope to identify patterns and correlations that…

Scientific Questions Being Studied

At this stage, I am exploring the data to formalize specific research questions related to the healthcare experiences of Black women with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. By examining the available data, I hope to identify patterns and correlations that will inform my research on the barriers to genetic counseling and testing, and ultimately contribute to evidence-based recommendations for public health interventions and policy reforms. This exploration will help refine my research focus and ensure that the study addresses the most pertinent issues affecting this population.

Project Purpose(s)

Disease Focused Research (Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome; Breast Cancer; Ovarian Cancer)
Population Health
Social / Behavioral
Educational
Methods Development
Control Set
Ancestry

Scientific Approaches

To address the research question, I plan to use a quantitative approach, leveraging datasets from the All of Us Research Program. Specifically, I will analyze data on healthcare access, utilization of genetic counseling, and cancer screening uptake among Black women at risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Research methods will include statistical analyses such as regression and correlation to identify patterns and associations. Tools such as SPSS, R, or Python for statistical computing and data visualization, as well as data management platforms provided by All of Us, will be used to conduct this analysis.

Anticipated Findings

The study anticipates identifying significant barriers to accessing genetic counseling and cancer screening among Black women at risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. It is expected to find disparities linked to socioeconomic status, healthcare access, and systemic biases. These findings will contribute to the body of scientific knowledge by highlighting specific inequities in genetic healthcare delivery and providing evidence-based recommendations for policy changes. The study aims to inform public health interventions to improve healthcare equity, ultimately reducing mortality rates and enhancing health outcomes for this vulnerable population.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Controlled Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Alexandria Fletcher - Graduate Trainee, Walden University

Improving Black Maternal Outcomes through Predictive Analytics

The significant gap lies in the effect of Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) and the association between psychological and physiological stressors and racial health disparities on maternal outcomes in Black women. Our research will carry out a collaborative approach and…

Scientific Questions Being Studied

The significant gap lies in the effect of Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) and the association between psychological and physiological stressors and racial health disparities on maternal outcomes in Black women. Our research will carry out a collaborative approach and the use of predictive analysis with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to improve maternal health outcomes in Black women. .

Project Purpose(s)

Disease Focused Research (pregnancy complications)
Population Health

Scientific Approaches

By leveraging the comprehensive datasets from AllofUs and Urchin, our research team can magnify the depth and breadth of the healthcare studies, leading to more informed and impactful outcomes. This integrated approach and diversity of thought among the expert research team will ensures that the research is both data-driven and clinically relevant, enhancing advancements in healthcare and biological sciences through the application of advanced computational techniques, and hence, contribute to the ultimate improvement on Black maternal health outcomes using AI and ML.

Anticipated Findings

Our proposed AIM-AHEAD Phase-II project is aligned with North Star I, II and IV by pursuing the goal of developing a diverse, equitable, and inclusive AI/ML workforce. By establishing the Health Equity AI Lab (HEAL) at Fayetteville State University, a Historically Black College and University (HBCU), we are creating opportunities for underrepresented minorities in AI/ML. The lab will not only focus on cutting-edge research but also on training and mentoring students from diverse backgrounds. This initiative will foster an inclusive environment where students and researchers can develop their skills and contribute to advancements in AI/ML, particularly in health equity.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Registered Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Jiazheng Yuan - Mid-career Tenured Researcher, Fayetteville State University

Social determinants of lung cancer risk among Black and Hispanic Adults V2

Identifying the factors that explain sex and racial/ethnic differences in lung cancer risk among NH Black and Hispanic individuals is critical for the development of tailored interventions that address lung cancer and related disparities in these populations. While social determinants…

Scientific Questions Being Studied

Identifying the factors that explain sex and racial/ethnic differences in lung cancer risk among NH Black and Hispanic individuals is critical for the development of tailored interventions that address lung cancer and related disparities in these populations. While social determinants of health (SDOH) are important factors necessary for understanding minority health and health disparities, little is known about their relative and combined influence on lung cancer risk. This new information is key for the development of effective approaches to mitigate lung cancer disparities affecting NH Black and Hispanic individuals.
We aim to: 1) Compare the relative influence of sociodemographic characteristics and SDOH on lung cancer risk among NH Black and Hispanic adults and 2) Identify the combined influence of SDOH on sex differences in lung cancer risk among NH Black and Hispanic adults. Findings from this study will identify new therapeutic targets for public health intervention development.

Project Purpose(s)

Disease Focused Research (Lung Cancer Risk)
Population Health
Social / Behavioral

Scientific Approaches

We will use data collected as part of the All of Us epidemiological study, a national effort supported by the National Institutes of Health with the goal of accelerating research and improving health. We will measure lung cancer risk as a composite score of tobacco use and lung cancer family history. Our aims include cross-sectional examinations from a large sample of NH Black and Hispanic men and women. First, we will identify the SDOH that, relative to sociodemographic characteristics, have the strongest associations with lung cancer risk. These analyses will indicate how specific SDOH may overpower the effect of protective sociodemographic factors, thereby informing diminished gains from current lung cancer prevention approaches among NH Black and Hispanic individuals. Second, we will examine how patterns of SDOH inform lung cancer risk among NH Black and Hispanic adults.

Anticipated Findings

These analyses will highlight how unique combinations of SDOH inform sex by race/ethnicity differences in lung cancer risk among NH Black and Hispanic adults. This study’s findings will advance our understanding of diminished gains for NH Black and Hispanic individuals from lung cancer prevention approaches. Further, this study will identify new potential therapeutic targets for clinical and public health intervention development. Thus, findings from this project will have a sustained and powerful impact on the field of lung cancer disparities research.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Registered Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Lesia Ruglass - Mid-career Tenured Researcher, City University of New York (CUNY)
Adriana Espinosa - Early Career Tenure-track Researcher, City University of New York (CUNY)

Collaborators:

Shraddha Pattanshetti - Graduate Trainee, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

Black Women, Sexual Violence, Discrimination, and Sexual Health Decision-Making

The research I am conducting is in an exploratory phase. This endeavor is a focused exploration of the e data concerning sexual health decision-making, sexual health behaviors, experiences with discrimination, and psychological and emotional well-being among African American/Black women survivors…

Scientific Questions Being Studied

The research I am conducting is in an exploratory phase. This endeavor is a focused exploration of the e data concerning sexual health decision-making, sexual health behaviors, experiences with discrimination, and psychological and emotional well-being among African American/Black women survivors of sexual violence/assault. Participants who identify as women (cis, trans, and gender expansive) will be included in this research. This exploration is important because it will allow us to understand better the many variables (e.g., sociocultural, interpersonal, systemic racism, and medical-related traumas and protective factors) that impact black women survivors' help-seeking and decision-making processes. The scientific question I hope to have more direction on, via exploration of this data set, is how the aforementioned variables impacted sexual health decision-making, and what impact has this had on black women's sexual, psychological, and emotional health outcomes.

Project Purpose(s)

Population Health
Social / Behavioral
Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI)

Scientific Approaches

An explanatory mixed methods-interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach will be used to explore the sociocultural, interpersonal, systemic, and medical-related traumas of sexual health decision-making. Given that this research is in an exploratory phase and the workbench does not have qualitative data (aside from some categorical variables), quantitative data will be analyzed first using this workbench. Discovery from these analyses will guide the second phase, which will be qualitative. Lastly, the quantitative data will be embedded into the qualitative findings to understand the phenomena impacting sexual health decision-making among Black/African American women survivors of sexual violence. The project will use a combination of the survey data and the EHR to discover new phenomena impacting sexual health decision-making and psychological and emotional well-being among Black/African American women survivors.

Anticipated Findings

The working hypothesis is that there is a predictive relationship between all these variables; however, IPA is needed to discover phenomena that might better explain the relationships between the variables and to better inform clinical practice and interventions with this population.

Findings from both of these research projects will substantiate the importance of this research topic and be used to apply for independent grants that will continue to support this research past its exploratory and pilot phases. The ultimate hope is that findings from this research will help develop more innovative and timely community and medical interventions that seek to serve better Black women survivors who are not receiving (adequate) sexual health support and interventions.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Controlled Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Shantoyia (Toy) Jones - Early Career Tenure-track Researcher, Xavier University of Louisiana

Factors in High-Risk Pregnancies & Preterm Births among Black Women

Research Question: What factors contribute to high-risk pregnancies and preterm births among black women? This question is relevant to public health because it addresses a significant health disparity. Black women in the United States experience disproportionately higher rates of high-risk…

Scientific Questions Being Studied

Research Question: What factors contribute to high-risk pregnancies and preterm births among black women?

This question is relevant to public health because it addresses a significant health disparity. Black women in the United States experience disproportionately higher rates of high-risk pregnancies and preterm births compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Understanding the factors contributing to these disparities is crucial for developing targeted interventions and policies aimed at reducing maternal and infant morbidity and mortality rates within this population. By identifying and addressing the root causes of these disparities, public health efforts can work towards achieving health equity and improving outcomes for Black mothers and their infants.

Project Purpose(s)

Population Health

Scientific Approaches

A scientific approach will involve a combination of quantitative and intersectional analysis. We would use statistical analysis to examine associations between potential factors and pregnancy outcomes among Black women, while also considering how being Black and a woman shape an individual's health outcome.

Anticipated Findings

Anticipated findings may include:

Lower socioeconomic status may be associated with increased risk due to limited access to healthcare, higher stress levels, and poorer nutrition.
Pre-existing health conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity may be more prevalent among Black women and increase the risk of complications.
Smoking, substance abuse, and poor diet may be more prevalent which can contribute to higher risk.
Lack of social support networks or unstable social environments may increase stress levels and impact pregnancy outcomes.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Registered Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Kendra Bettis - Graduate Trainee, Meharry Medical College

Exploring diabetes and depression among Black communities

Our research question will be related to exploring the relationship between diabetes and depression among Black communities in the southern states. The main reason behind this research question is the student researcher is interested in starting a non-profit organization that…

Scientific Questions Being Studied

Our research question will be related to exploring the relationship between diabetes and depression among Black communities in the southern states. The main reason behind this research question is the student researcher is interested in starting a non-profit organization that addresses minority health, particularly Black health, as way to help solve the health disparities that she has seen within her own communities. The second reason for this research question is the professor who teaches public health courses wants to bring students along in the research process. More specifically, she teaches a course on multicultural health issues and wants to look at health disparities from other angles (besides traditional socioeconomic factors such as education level and income) such as racism, discrimination, and acculturation. We are interested in the southern states because we are from those areas in the United States.

Project Purpose(s)

Disease Focused Research (diabetes and depression)
Population Health
Social / Behavioral

Scientific Approaches

We plan to use the All of Us database to see the prevalence of depression among adults with and without diabetes and compare it to the results of a similar study done using the the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).

Anticipated Findings

The All of Us database is the most diverse dataset available. For example, approximately 45% of the participants are racial and ethnic minorities. We think we may be able to look at the relationship between diabetes and depression among a larger group of African Americans than previously seen in other datasets like the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and may shed more light on what is currently known.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Controlled Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Adannaa Alexander - Other, Sam Houston State University

Exploring diabetes and depression among Black communities

Our research question will be related to exploring the relationship between diabetes and depression among Black communities in the southern states. The main reason behind this research question is the student researcher is interested in starting a non-profit organization that…

Scientific Questions Being Studied

Our research question will be related to exploring the relationship between diabetes and depression among Black communities in the southern states. The main reason behind this research question is the student researcher is interested in starting a non-profit organization that addresses minority health, particularly Black health, as way to help solve the health disparities that she has seen within her own communities. The second reason for this research question is the professor who teaches public health courses wants to bring students along in the research process. More specifically, she teaches a course on multicultural health issues and wants to look at health disparities from other angles (besides traditional socioeconomic factors such as education level and income) such as racism, discrimination, and acculturation. We are interested in the southern states because we are from those areas in the United States.

Project Purpose(s)

Disease Focused Research (diabetes and depression)
Population Health
Social / Behavioral

Scientific Approaches

We plan to use the All of Us database to see the prevalence of depression among adults with and without diabetes and compare it to the results of a similar study done using the the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).

Anticipated Findings

The All of Us database is the most diverse dataset available. For example, approximately 45% of the participants are racial and ethnic minorities. We think we may be able to look at the relationship between diabetes and depression among a larger group of African Americans than previously seen in other datasets like the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and may shed more light on what is currently known.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Registered Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Adannaa Alexander - Other, Sam Houston State University

Eclampsia/Preeclampsia and Gestational Diabetes in Black and White Women

This research aims to analyze how social determinants of health affect the differences observed in the diagnosis of eclampsia/ preeclampsia and GDM amongst black and white women between the ages of 25-40 in the United States. I will be using…

Scientific Questions Being Studied

This research aims to analyze how social determinants of health affect the differences observed in the diagnosis of eclampsia/ preeclampsia and GDM amongst black and white women between the ages of 25-40 in the United States. I will be using data from the All of Us database to conduct an ethical evaluation of the prevalence, risk factors and differences and interventions that can be done to improve the rate of diagnosis and disparities observed of eclampsia/ preeclampsia and GDM in black and white women.

This topic is important due to the persistent lack of improvement in maternal mortality rates within the United States. Black women are more likely to die from complications during pregnancy than white women. Using research to asses the risk factors and differences between the statistics will help to improve overall maternal mortality rates and help us reach maternal health equity.

Project Purpose(s)

Educational

Scientific Approaches

Using a retrospective cohort design, the study will analyze social determinants of health including but not limited to biological and socioeconomic factors that are associated with eclampsia/ preeclampsia and GDM during pregnancy. The limitations of this study are as follows: the amount of data available, quality of data available and any biases associated with retrospective cohort studies.

Anticipated Findings

To discover what the discrepancies are in maternal health and assess the SDoH that could result in the differences. I want my research to raise awareness about maternal health equity and be used to create community-based interventions that will improve maternal health equity.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Registered Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Sariah Harris - Graduate Trainee, Meharry Medical College

Everyday Discrimination & Allostatic Load among Black Women

The current study aims to examine the relationship between everyday discrimination and allostatic load among Black women in the United States. The urgent need to address the challenges facing Black women, accentuated by the pervasive impact of gendered racism—where discrimination…

Scientific Questions Being Studied

The current study aims to examine the relationship between everyday discrimination and allostatic load among Black women in the United States. The urgent need to address the challenges facing Black women, accentuated by the pervasive impact of gendered racism—where discrimination and prejudice intersect with both race and gender—is underscored by persistent bullying and stress within academic and professional environments. Compounded by societal stressors and entrenched social disadvantages, Black women frequently encounter inequities resulting in elevated levels of Allostatic Load (AL). High AL, a measure of the cumulative physiological toll of chronic stress and life events, has been associated with adverse health outcomes, including an increased risk of cancer mortality among Black women. Our prior research revealed that Black and Hispanic women exhibited a 26% to 29% greater likelihood of high AL compared to White women.

Project Purpose(s)

Population Health
Social / Behavioral

Scientific Approaches

We will conduct secondary analysis of All of Us participants, to examine the effect of everyday discrimination (as measured by everyday discrimination scale) on odds of high allostatic load (as measured by biomarkers of stress) using logistic regression or modified Poisson regression. We will limit analysis to Black women with complete data on everyday discrimination and measures of allostatic load.

Anticipated Findings

The anticipated findings from the study include a deeper understanding of the specific ways in which gendered racism affects Black women.

These findings would contribute significantly to the body of scientific knowledge by shedding light on an underexplored aspect of systemic oppression. By elucidating the complex interactions between race, gender, and discrimination, the study could inform interventions aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of gendered racism on Black women's health and well-being. Additionally, it could provide valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and employers seeking to create more inclusive and equitable environments. Ultimately, the research has the potential to drive meaningful social change by advocating for systemic reforms and fostering greater awareness of the intersecting challenges faced by Black women.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Controlled Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Justin Xavier Moore - Early Career Tenure-track Researcher, University of Kentucky

Collaborators:

Judah Doty - Project Personnel, University of Kentucky
Feitong Lei - Early Career Tenure-track Researcher, University of Kentucky

Perceived Discrimination & Allostatic Load: Impact on US-Born Black Individuals

Some studies suggest that there are significant effects of perceived discrimination on overall health, and that there is a relationship between discrimination and increased allostatic load. Thus, these studies that found high incidence of perceived discrimination, also found increased levels…

Scientific Questions Being Studied

Some studies suggest that there are significant effects of perceived discrimination on overall health, and that there is a relationship between discrimination and increased allostatic load. Thus, these studies that found high incidence of perceived discrimination, also found increased levels of allostatic load. For US-born Black people, they have a higher risk of high allostatic load, while non-US born Black people had an advantage in lower allostatic load. To our understanding, no research has been conducted studying the association of allostatic load, perceived discrimination, and nativity (US vs. non-US born Black people) in a representative population (gender non-specific). Our research aims are to:

(1) Examine the differences in perceived discrimination between US-born and non-US born Black people using All of Us research data.

(2) Study the association of perceived discrimination and allostatic load, stratified by US-born vs. non-US born Black people.

Project Purpose(s)

Population Health
Social / Behavioral

Scientific Approaches

For aim 1, our current study will focus on accessing more current patient survey data. Our data will be sourced from the All of Us research cohort to determine the amount of perceived discrimination reported by Black people in the United States. We will use U.S. nativity status as a variable in this population (i.e., foreign born vs U.S. born). We also aim to make our study more representative of the Black population in America, as compared to previous studies that specified gender and/or health risk. We will use modified Poisson regression to estimate the rate and relative risk of perceived discrimination by US-nativity status.

For aim 2, we will explore the moderating role of US-nativity among Black people, on the relationship between perceived discrimination and allostatic load levels. We will use either logistic regression or modified Poisson regression to examine the relationship between perceived discrimination with high allostatic load, stratified by US-nativity status.

Anticipated Findings

First, we will elucidate whether US acculturation/nativity influences the level of perceived discrimination among Black populations. The current literature gap in how US nativity status modifies the relationship between allostatic load and perceived discrimination demonstrates the necessity for a better understanding of how discrimination of Black people born in the US contributes to their current health disparities. Understanding the differences, if any, found between foreign-born Black people and US-born Black people in their reporting of discrimination and their allostatic loads is important for determining the type of intervention needed.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Controlled Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Justin Xavier Moore - Early Career Tenure-track Researcher, University of Kentucky

Black women and pain disclosure

How do Black women disclose pain and trauma as a result of cultural coping? How are their disclosure patterns impacted by their familial background? Black women upon experiencing pain and trauma are more likely to diminish the impact they experience…

Scientific Questions Being Studied

How do Black women disclose pain and trauma as a result of cultural coping? How are their disclosure patterns impacted by their familial background? Black women upon experiencing pain and trauma are more likely to diminish the impact they experience because of various psychological and ecological factors. As a result, Black women often rely on a form of cultural coping mechanisms. Within the medical field, black women are shown to not have their perception and report of pain taken seriously in comparison to white women and often face serious health complications. The perpetuations of these associated stigmas hinder the communication the communication of their pain and trauma by enabling continued discrimination, prejudices, and othering. The cultural coping mechanisms that black women turn to, as well as the help-seeking behaviors that are exhibited, is largely dependent upon their social and familial context.

Project Purpose(s)

Population Health
Social / Behavioral

Scientific Approaches

Data from the All of Us [AoU] Research Hub will be used to begin the first phase of examination of pain/trauma disclosure, cultural coping, and help-seeking behaviors among black women AoU participants. A thematic analysis of the categorical data will allow for the identification of significant determinants that may lead Black women to turn to cultural coping and help-seeking behaviors. Python software will be used to analyze this categorical data. Results from the first phase of this examination will support a future endeavor that seeks to explore the meaning-making black women arrive at when engaged in cultural coping and help-seeking behaviors. The second phase, if supported by the first phase’s analysis, will be composed of semi-structured interviews, and use interpretative phenomenological analysis to better understand the meaning and themes that emerge from this qualitative data.

Anticipated Findings

It is anticipated that black women will have follow destructive pain disclosure patterns as a result of cultural coping. Further, there will be a trend which indicates that within their family’s pain and health problems aren’t really discussed but ignored instead which causes the emergence of certain pain disclosure patterns. This project not only seeks to identify root causes of mental and physical health concerns that black women may face but raise to the collective conscience that issues ignored or pushed into a dark corner can escalate in something that can be damaging to one’s functioning. This project seeks to acknowledge within the community of black women that such experiences aren’t abnormal, and they shouldn’t diminish their own difficulties in comparison to others nor should they ignore their pain and trauma for what it truly is. New coping mechanisms need to be addressed and those formed as a result of historical and racialized violence need not be perpetuated any longer.

Demographic Categories of Interest

Data Set Used

Registered Tier

Research Team

Owner:

Jahzara Ming - Undergraduate Student, Xavier University of Louisiana

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